Aristotelian Criticism of Jimmy Carters Speech for Gerald Fords Eulogy Essay Example

Aristotelian Criticism of Jimmy Carters Speech for Gerald Fords Eulogy Essay Example Aristotelian Criticism of Jimmy Carters Speech for Gerald Fords Eulogy Paper Aristotelian Criticism of Jimmy Carters Speech for Gerald Fords Eulogy Paper 1976 was the first time in the United States history where presidential candidates would debate head to head, sharing the stage and increasing competition. Gerald Ford was expected to come ahead, but his opponent Jimmy Carter was perceived as confident and a fierce contender. Many argue that Gerald Ford’s downfall was due to the pardon of President Nixon, while others thought he faltered during the live broadcasted debate in San Francisco, with his response to his â€Å"international policy leadership. (CNN Time) Nevertheless, come election day, Jimmy Carter was the new Commander in Chief. Although their rivalry was aggressive, the two stayed friends and worked closely on many national matters, such as â€Å"the Panama Canal treaties, nuclear armaments control with the Soviet Union and the Camp David accords. † (Carter) President Carter spoke at Ford’s funeral and Carter’s speech is a great example of how a speaker can convey condolence and affection for a worth adversary and friend. A Neo-Aristotelian Criticism, created in 1925, by Hervert A. Wichlen is an analysis that condones the use of the five cannons; invention, organization, style, memory and delivery. To begin with invention, one must describe the external proofs, meaning the context of the speech and background of the speaker and occasion and internal proofs, the affected audience and specific appeals used. Ethos appeal to ethics and morals, pathos, targeting emotions and logos, to engaging facts and logistics. The second foundation is organization, or the structure and arrangement of said artifact. This is looking at why and what manner the rhetor organized context. The third cannon is style, meaning the stylistic device the speaker chose to weave into his speech, such as alliteration, metaphors or allegories or just the style of language the rhetor uses. Next is memory. Has the rhetor memorized some, part or all of his speech? The final cannon is delivery, the actual presentation of the artifact. Examples are hand gestures, eye contact and other vocal devices. There are other elements in Neo- Aristotelian criticism, like public perception, audience, major ideas and long term effects. However, the method always utilizes most if not all of the five cannons. I will start my analysis of Former President Jimmy Carter’s eulogy with invention. Carter drew on ethos with his description of their faith and moral values, and the fact that both were former presidents increases credibility of both the rhetor and the man that was being remembered. Jimmy Carter also touches the logos, or factual side, reminding the people of the many challenges the president and America faced, such as â€Å"the Panama treaties, nuclear armaments control with the Soviet Union, normalized diplomatic relations with China,† and many other issues. f the occasion and nature of the speech, Carter appealed to pathos. He is also affecting the emotions of his audience, with his intimate stories of his time spent with Ford. Another example is the personal amusement the two presidents shared with the cartoon in the â€Å"New Yorker,† (Carter), or the light hearted jokes Carter strategically placed throughout the eulogy. He was sincere, but he did not let th e mood turn to one of somberness. On that note I’ll move into the next cannon, organization. While the occasion is one of seriousness, Carter brings humor to the table. He carefully structures his speech to follow the pattern of a serious or intimate anecdote, followed by a small joke or humorous story of Ford and himself. This successfully keeps the atmosphere respectful, however all can smile in remembrance of Ford’s life and happy moments. Not only does he regulate the mood, but also the audience’s attention. By revealing personal stories, he invites the audience into not only Ford’s life, but his too. Carter’s introduction and conclusion is the same line, â€Å"For myself and for our nation, I want to thank my predecessor for all he has done to heal our land. † (Carter) This is successful arrangement because it draws all the anecdotes and jokes back to the occasion, celebrating a friend and national representative. As I mentioned before, Jimmy Carter uses many small stories, or anecdotes, throughout his speech. Carter also uses a cathartic strategy, which can be explained as a release of strong emotion, and in this situation his eulogy is his release. His approach is personal, listing the names of his family members, and the Ford family members. This adds to the sincerity of the eulogy because he is talking directly to the family, instead of a broad out reach to the audience. Since the artifact was not memorized, the final cannon I want to address is the delivery. Carter’s delivery fit his purpose perfectly. He respectfully honored a great person. The slow pace of his presentation represents the solemnity of the matter. Carter also takes time to look out into the audience as he speaks which shows that he is trying to also make a connection on a personal level. Overall, Jimmy Carter accomplished his goal in giving a memorable and respectable speech in honor of former President Gerald Ford. Through his context, organization, style and delivery Carter effectively demonstrates a professional, yet personal method that consoles and reminisces of a former adversary and friend. Bibliography Foss, Sonja K. Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration Practice. 4th ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1989. Print. Carter, Jimmy. Carter Center Editorials and Speeches Jimmy Carter Eulogy for Gerald R. Ford. Carter Center Editorials and Speeches Jimmy Carter Eulogy for Gerald R. Ford. The Carter Center, 3 Jan. 2007. Web. 09 Sept. 2012. . 1976 Presidential Debates. AllPolitics. Ed. Unknown. CNN. com, 1996. Web. 09 Sept. 2012. . Goodrigde, Elisabeth. Gerald Ford v. Jimmy Carter: There Is No Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe U. S. News and World Report. U. S. News and World Report, 17 Jan. 2008. Web. 9 Sept. 2012. .

As the international trade and contract law scholars Yeon-Koo Che and Essay

As the international trade and contract law scholars Yeon-Koo Che and Tai-Yeong Chung - Essay Example As noted by Todd, the sale of goods contract functions to articulate the conditions of a particular transaction and elucidate its particularities, from the description of the goods being sold to the place and time of delivery.2 In other words, the sale of goods contract details the conditions and circumstances which would govern a particular transaction. Given the supposedly comprehensive nature of the referenced document it thus functions as a reference point in instances of contract dispute. The nature of a sale of good contract is quite complex consequent to the fact that it may be written or verbal and can contain both implicit/implied terms as well as explicit ones. Contract law has determined that sales agreements can either be written or verbal and can embrace both implied and explicit terms. In other words, the law's position is that in the absence of a written contract, nonverbal contracts, as in precontractual statements, are taken into consideration. 3 In addition, the standard requirements pertaining to sales of goods and the rights of the buyer versus the obligation of the seller are taken into immediate consideration.4 Case law establishes the import of, and the circumsta... ave been interpreted as precontractual terms but, were eventually excluded from writing, suggests that they were not intended as contractual terms.5 However, in the matter of Pena v Dale (2003), where the rights and obligations of parties to a commercial transaction were disputed and there was no written contract, the court found, in the absence of a written contract and if both parties had acted as if there was a contract in place, the implied terms of the verbal contract are enforceable.6 In cases of international trade/international sale of goods, contracts tend to be governed by the terms set forth by both the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and Incoterms, while the actual carriage of the goods from one port to another are governed by the Hague Visby Rules (HVR) as amended by the Brussels Protocol, 1968. These contrcats, as stated in the above and as established by case law, may be both written and verbal and may include both implicit and explicit terms and involve the sale of both ascertained and unascertained goods. Accordingly, the very nature of sales of good contracts is complex but, as shall be discussed in reference to the case at hand, all of CISG, Incoterms and HVR attempt the facilitation of these agreements. Even though neither Ghana nor Nigeria are parties to CISG, case law effectively maintains the applicability of CISG terms to spheres outside its influence for one simple purpose: courts have found the terms contained within CISG to be generally consistent with the legal framework outlining sales of goods terms in both civil and common law systems. In OLG Hamm 9 June, 1995, the court found that even if seller and buyer had agreed to apply civil law terms to international sales of good contract,

Career Aspirations Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Career Aspirations - Research Proposal Example This is my short-term plan for the next 5 years. An accountant must be very good at numbers, precise, analytical and willing to work in a flexible schedule. There are many occasions wherein one has to render overtime especially when a lot of transactions were made in a single day .It is a must for an accountant to have an over-all knowledge of accounting, finance, budgeting, cost control and the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles).It is also important for an accountant to be updated with existing financial regulations on the federal as well as national level. It is important for someone who wants to be an accountant to be very patient in handling details. But aside from the technical work, it would also be good if I have good interpersonal skills since I have to deal with different people inside an organization. I need to do a lot of explaining about finance which is sensitive topic for most people. Moreover, I believe I should be very, very objective. One of my strengths is the ability to persevere under trying conditions. I am a very patient person and this attribute would greatly help me in this career. For one, I have encountered a situation wherein I have to explain procedures that someone must follow. The incident happened when I was then assisting in my relative's small business during summer. They had a small grocery which had long-term customers. One grocer returned a box of milk since the date showed that it has already expired. I calmly explained that I need to keep the box as proof but I can't return her money since I do not have the authority to do so. She was insistent and started cursing me. I called my aunt on the cellphone and informed her of the situation. She immediately ordered me to refund the payment. At the end of the day, it was only then that I realized that I was patient and tactful in handling the old lady. I followed the procedure and asked for advice before I acted on the

Instructional Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instructional Approaches - Essay Example The articles selected for analysis reflect different instructional approaches and illustrate different methods and techniques used in social sciences. The article "Literary Studies and Cognitive Science: Toward a New Interdisciplinary" by M. Th. Crane and A. Richardson discuss a new interdisciplinary approach applied to literary studies and social sciences. In this article, a special attention is given to cognitive learning approach and its application. the authors underline that building on earlier theories of learning, researchers working toward interactive technologies perceived limitations in earlier methods. By developing theories that emphasize synthesis and integration of sets of knowledge and skills, researchers hope to address such limitations as an emphasis on components instead of integrated wholes, a closed system that made incorporation of new knowledge difficult, which resulted in essentially passive instruction and labor intensive practice in design and development of instruction. The authors state that the teacher provides modeling of the metacognitive strategies necessary for beginning the task, and, when problems are encountered, assistance is provided by the teacher or group. One learning procedure reflecting this stance, complex dynamic simulations, structures collaborative group work in sharing a complex problem-solving task. This approach is based on theories about the social genesis of learning in which the learner is characterized as being motivated to seek explanations through exploration. The article "Using Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives" by C. P. Cook-Cottone analyses instructional approaches and learning theories in terms of the Narrative Process. The Healing Narrative Model is based on the structured approach. It means that one is that learning should be contextual and a process of active application of knowledge toward specific problem-solving goals. Also, the article pays a special attention to experiential (or sensorimotor) level and early relationships (or Preoperational) level. An initial authoring activity in instructional design is a clarification of the learning goal for the instruction and/or curriculum. The specification of the goal(s) will help prescribe the format of the instruction. For example, if the goal is the learning of new information, there are basically possibilities. Second is the general agreement regarding the importance of modeling problem-solving strategies as well as the role of conflict or failure in providing an impetus toward new learning. The research by Harris and Pressley, M. (1991) describes bad illustrates the cognitive strategy instruction:. The authors underline that in contrast to the behaviorist view of the learner as shaped by the environment, cognitivebased researchers are investigating the ways that the learner actively shapes the environment to facilitate learning. His research indicates that the knowledge of novices is organized around the literal aspects of a problem statement, whereas the experts' knowledge is organized around principles and abstractions not apparent in the problem

Driving Stick Shift Essay Example for Free

Driving Stick Shift Essay Learning to drive a stick shift is one of the things I mastered in life because of the effort and practice I’ve invested. I can still remember the day I learned how to drive a manual transmission car. My cousin stopped by our house and I asked him to teach me how to drive. The only problem was his car was a stick shift. I honestly got intimidated by those horrendous three pedals and that hair-chilling gear shifter, but nothing stopped me from wanting to learn because I knew it would be worth it and I thought I would make me look cooler. So he grabbed the keys and drove to a parking lot that had a wide empty road. He stopped, turned off the car, got out and said â€Å"Okay, your turn. † So I began the initiation into the high art of driving a stick shift. He gave me all the instructions, he told me to press down on the clutch so I can start the car. I kept my left foot on the clutch and put the car in first gear. I slowly released the clutch as I was slowly pressing on the gas pedal. Then, boom! I stalled and the car shut off. My cousin started laughing. I tried to get the car started again and I still stalled on my fifth attempt. He continued laughing while giving me advices. Finally, on my sixth attempt I got the car going. When he saw that I could stop and get the car moving normally and shift gears without grinding the clutch, he gave me the green light to drive to the main streets and freeways. It took me a lot of practices and effort before I got the gist of it. It was all worth it, I actually enjoyed it and promised that my next car would be a stick shift. At first I thought having a stick shift car would only make me look cooler, but when I had my own car I actually learned that it’s less expensive then automatic cars, gets better gas mileage and most of all it’s simply more fun!

Wars throughout Time Essay -- essays research papers

Sometime during the course of World War II, the United States became the most powerful nation in the world. During the last two hundred or so years, the United States has fought ten major wars and innumerable smaller military actions. For the most part it has been successful, in some instances defeating some of the world’s most powerful countries. In other instances it has simply been lucky. A common threat throughout the nation’s existence has been the practice of indifference and neglect. Between wars the Army shrinks to a very small size. Funds and attention almost disappear. This policy of the US Army may well indeed danger the nation’s safety in the future Military strength includes not only the Army, but sea and air power as well which will not be considered here. The resources of a country such as population, size, wealth, and factories all contribute to a nation’s military might and to how fast it might be expanded. Military power for ground forces has traditionally been measured in terms like regiments, brigades, divisions, corps, and armies. In addition, an important distinction exists between the Regular Army (the permanent establishment officered with West Point graduates), the militia (very important to the nation’s military strength for the first hundred years, local part-time units), and the National Guard or Reserves (in modern times a strong back-up to the Regular Army). The combined sizes of these forces have fluctuated widely when the nation has been at a threat of war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was very important that they created an Army during the American Revolutionary War. The colonists had militias, which fought with the British against the French and Indians. But the revolt against England demanded much more. The Americans who wanted independence gave it a maximum effort. The population of the colonies barely numbered 3,000,000 in 1775. Of the available manpower, a very large proportion either fought with the British or stayed neutral. So for an estimated 184,000 men to have fought for the new nation before the war ended in 1783, the remainder had to contribute a lot. (Almanac 209)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new government was disorganized and needed money. Nevertheless, it created the Continental Army. It was organized as infantry in many regiments of about 800 men each. At any one time there were only about 15-20,0... ...ar II was the turning point. The rest of the world started fighting two years before Pearl Harbor. This gave the U.S. the time to expand its Army. It just barely did so (remember the Draft Act passing by one vote). Good fortune and luck allowed the policy of tiny peacetime army to work one more time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cold War changed this forever, reinforced by tough lesson in Korea. In the time since then, the state of the world and technology demands that Army not plan a grace period to expand. It has to plan to meet a potential crises with what it has ready. Technology has dropped the need for large numbers of divisions and fighting troops. But technology has conversely demanded that stockpiles of equipment and training be at high levels at all times. Future wars will be over long before new orders for weapons like cruise missiles can be placed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best way to prepare for the present is to learn and correct our mistakes from the past. The cost may be high, but the world remains a dangerous environment. Today the U.S. must have a ready-to-use Army of a size sufficient for any conflict ahead. This was not always true in the past.

Globalization’s Side Effects

Globalization’s Side Effects May. 14. 2009 Discussing globalization’s side effects might not be appropriate without determining first what globalization is. Although everyone has his or her own definition and uses the term globalization in his or her own way, globalization can be defined generally as a condition in which cross-border movements of money, goods, thoughts, and even people have become much more available on a large scale. Despite globalization having provided people throughout the world with many benefits, it has caused negative impacts on their countries’ economies as well as serious concerns about their nationalities and identities, which globalization gradually erases. The primary adverse effect of globalization is that it destabilizes the foundation of the developing countries’ economies. After cross-border movements of money and goods had become much faster and easier, many cheap and well-made products have invaded the markets of emerging countries. As a result, many local products almost have disappeared because they simply can not rival the cheap prices and high qualities of foreign products. In Paracho, Mexico, for instance, things are getting worse. A Mexican traditional guitar maker complains that his village has lost its famous craft of building guitars because of the invasion of the cheap and well-made guitars from China (Campbell, 2004). Paracho is not only losing its famous craft, but also losing the smarter and more intelligent workers who are leaving it to seek better job opportunities in the Unite State of America. In fact, hundreds and hundreds of villages and cities, especially in developing countries, are losing their main industries in addition to their traditional crafts and therefore their people emigrate to avoid being jobless. The second adverse effect of globalization is that it is gradually erasing the differences between cultures. Needless to say, a culture is a set of values and assumptions that group of people hold, and what makes the differences between one nation and another is the variety of the differences between these values and these assumptions. People’s thoughts all over the world about what is stylish and fashionable are starting to converge. Today, everyone seems to have the same desire which is buying what the advertisements want them to buy. The more you buy, the more happiness you get (Rifkin, 2003). For some intellectuals, globalization is making people’s desire cheap. It replaces people’s high and noble thoughts such as building their countries and contributing to human development with the culture of consumerism instead. Although many people all over the world acknowledge that globalization has provided them with many benefits, they have a strong feeling that globalization is slowly but surely obliterating their culture and traditional way of living. (The Pew Global Attitude Project). In conclusion, there is no doubt about the benefits that people all over the world gain from globalization. However, it causes developing countries serious problems. People in those countries are not only losing their jobs, but also their identities. They have become consumers of goods that are made in other countries. Globalization indeed is a huge challenge that many societies face: some of them have successfully known how to cope with it, yet many of them, unfortunately, have not, and therefore they have become globalization’s victims